Robotics and Automation"

Electronics Automation a Programmable Logic Controller (or PLC) is a specialized digital controller that can control machines and processes. For automated machines and processes, it monitors Inputs, makes decisions, and controls outputs. A building automation system is a system that restricts and monitors building services. These systems can be built up in different ways. In this chapter a general building automation system for a building with complex requirements due to the activity, such as a hospital, will be described. Real systems usually have several of the defined features and components described here but not all of them. The Automation level involves all the advanced controllers that monitor and regulate the Field level devices in real-time.

Augmented Reality (AR) is a general-purpose term used for any view of reality where components of that view are augmented with virtual representational process. AR is a technology where the fact is augmented, increased with different types of the virtual information. This information can include for example 3D models, text, and images. The user sees this information as an overlay on top of the world with AR. Unlike virtual reality where the user is completely immersed in the virtual world and can see nothing but the virtual environment. The AR software can use different kinds of techniques to put overly in the right position. Some of these techniques include tracking markers, image recognition and the use of embedded sensors. Augmented reality (AR) creates an environment where computer-generated information is superimposed onto the user’s view of a real-world scenario.

A Mechanical engineer is mostly answerable for the Mechanical body parts, for the Electrical side and the Computer engineer for Programming. And a Mechatronics engineer is expected to have more than these basic qualities which include brain functionality, muscular mechanism etc.

Robotics is the branch of innovation that deals with the, development, operation, and utilization of robots. Mechatronics is the branch of science that consolidates the mechanical and hardware designs. The main difference in inputs of mechatronic systems is given whereas it acquires the inputs on its own in robotic systems.

Humanoid robots have the greatest potential to become the manufacturing tool of the future while being one of the smallest groups of the service robots in the current such as Softbank Robotics have built robots that like human to be used as medical assistants and teaching aids. Presently, humanoid robots are excelling in the medical industry, especially as companion robots.

An actuator is defined as a tool that converts energy (in robotics that tends to be electrical) into physical motion. The overwhelming majority of actuators produce either linear or rotational motion. For example, D.C motor is thus, a kind of actuator.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation by machines, particularly, of human intelligence processes. These processes comprise learning reasoning (using rules to arrive definite and approximate conclusions), learning (acquiring information and rules to use the information), and self- correction.

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMs) and Micro robotics research comprise physical investigations, design methodologies and manufacturing tech Augmented reality techniques that include different types of micro actuators, microsensors and other microsystems. Selected applications include ultra-compliant neural probes for brain-computer interfaces, miniature climbing robots that use micro/ nano-fiber adhesives, inertial sensor suites for control and guidance and arrayed MEMS probe manipulators for early warning systems for tip-based gas chemical sensor arrays.

Multi-robot system configuration control algorithms must be capable of sensing the network geometry. The most common models of sensors presume that either only the ranges between robots are understood, or that a global coordinate system exists. However, to produce useful information on geometry and global coordinates might unavailable in all environments. The geometry model of the local network is a compromise between these two aspects which are well suited to multi-robot systems.

Telerobotics is the field of artificial intelligence involved with the control of semi-autonomous robots from a distance, principally using Wireless networks (like the Deep Space Network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and similar) or tethered connections. It is a mixture of two major subfields, telepresence, and teleportations.

Flying opens new opportunities to robotically perform tasks and services like rescue and search, mapping or perhaps inspection, maintenance, and observation. As such, substantial interest in aerial robots has fully grown in recent years. Key spaces to be addressed comprises, however, are not restricted to innovative Unmanned Aerial Vehicles design (UAV), guidance, navigation and control, autonomous missions, airworthiness, safety and certification, multi-vehicle coordination, risk assessment and traffic management (UTM).

The technology is used by researchers, firms and residential users. Small, unique, and custom 3D printed elements match the low volumes of custom or new best robots. Robots are usually customized for specific applications. In applications like customizing robot grippers or to develop the robot on a production line. 3D printing will give quick low-cost solutions while prototyping new robots or creating a small series of robots 3D printing can be used as a manufacturing technology. Exciting the latest applications such as 3D printing soft robotics or creating integrated robots through 3D printing are frontiers that are starting to be explored.

Marine Robotics has recently grown from experimental navigation and control algorithms for underwater and surface vehicles to powered autonomous underwater vehicles regularly capable to dive over 6000metres. We have seen underwater gliders crossing the Atlantic Ocean and entering the Pacific by unmanned surface platforms [Wave Gliders}. Marine Robotics as the field is set up to make an important contribution to understanding societal problems on a large scale. Emerging marine robotic innovations will provide advanced tools for scientists to exploit and explore the oceans on an unusual scale, in a sustainable way.

Unmanned drones are used for monitoring the different aspects around the globe. Robots used to defuse explosives, sentry guns with the assistance of sensors to detect targets, the military is creating enormous robotics weapons.